Knowledgeable and qualified early childhood teachers: Tensions, constraints, and possibilities

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v28.8626

Keywords:

teacher qualifications, professional learning, early childhood education

Abstract

The Early Learning Action Plan 2019-2029 (Ministry of Education, 2019b) Objective 3 is “Teaching staff and leaders are well qualified, diverse, culturally competent and valued” (p. 3). Tensions, constraints, and possibilities arise from analysing historical developments and positionings of early childhood teacher knowledge amongst policy aimed to provide well qualified and valued teaching staff. We advocate for investment in what we conceptualise as ‘knowledgeable teachers’ who educate children at the most important time of their lives.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Alexandra Gunn, University of Otago

Alexandra C. Gunn (EdD) is Professor of Education at the University of Otago College of Education | Te Kura Ākau Taitoka, Dunedin | Ōtepoti, Aotearoa New Zealand. An early childhood teacher by profession, Alex teaches and conducts research into many aspects of early childhood education and teacher education, curriculum, inclusion and issues of gender and sexuality.

Helen Hedges, University of Auckland

Helen Hedges (Ph.D) is Professor of Early Childhood Education at the University of Auckland | Waipapa Taumata Ra, Tamaki Makaurau, Aotearoa New Zealand. Helen’s research programme explores children’s and teachers’ knowledge, interests and learning. She was privileged to be a member of the team that refreshed Te Whāriki in 2016-2017.

References

Bingham, S., & Whitebread, D. (2018). School readiness in Europe: Issues and evidence. In M. Fleer & B. van Oers (Eds.), International handbook of early childhood education (pp. 363-391). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0927-7

Buzzelli, C. (2020). Changing the discourse: The capability approach and early childhood education. In J. Mueller & N. File (Eds.), Curriculum in early childhood education: Re-examined, reclaimed, renewed (pp. 161–176). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315103310

Cherrington, S. (2012). Professionalism in practice: Teachers thinking together about teaching. Early Education, 52, 14-17. https://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/108971/EE52_web.pdf

Cherrington, S. & Thornton, K. (2013). Continuing professional development in early childhood education in New Zealand. Early Years, 33(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2013.763770

Clarke, L., McLaughlin, T., Aspden, K., & Riley, T. (2021). Supporting teachers' practice through professional learning and development: What's happening in New Zealand early childhood education? Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 46(1), 66-79.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1836939120979063

Cirkony, C., Rickinson, M., Walsh, L., Gleeson, J., Salisbury, M., Cutler, B., Berry, M., & Smith, K. (2021). Beyond effective approaches: A rapid review response to designing professional learning. Professional Development in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1973075

CORE Education. (2021). Supported trial of Kōwhiti Whakapae.

https://core-ed.org/en_NZ/about-core/our-projects/facilitation/supported-trial-of-kowhiti-whakapae/

Early Learning Regulatory Review Team. (2021). Questions from public hui about regulating for 80% qualified teachers and strengthening the person responsible requirement. Ministry of Education.

EducationGovtNZ [#EARLYLEARNING]. (2021). "Early learning kaiako: Professional learning opportunity." FACEBOOK. https://www.facebook.com/EducationGovtNZ/

Gaffney, M. (2003). An evaluation of Ministry-funded early childhood professional development programmes. Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/ECE/11985

Hedges, H. (2013). The future of Te Whāriki: Political, pedagogical and professional concerns. In J. Nuttall (Ed.), Weaving Te Whāriki: Aotearoa New Zealand’s early childhood curriculum document in theory and practice (2nd edition) (pp. 277-298). NZCER Press.

https://elp.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NZCER-PRESS-2013-Weaving-Te-Whariki-1.pdf

Hedges, H. (2022). Children’s interests, inquiries and identities: Curriculum, pedagogy, learning and outcomes in the early years. Routledge.

Liu, M., Hedges, H., & Cooper, M. (2023). Effective collaborative learning for early childhood teachers: Structural, motivational and sustainable features. Professional Development in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2235578

Mallard, T. (2000, April 24). Qualifications key to quality. New Zealland Government. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/qualifications-key-quality

Manning, M., Wong, G. T. W., Fleming, C. M., & Garvis, S. (2019). Is teacher qualification associated with the quality of the early childhood education and care environment? A meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Research, 89(3), 370-415. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319837540

May, H. (2014). New Zealand: A narrative of shifting policy directions for early childhood education and care. In, L. Gambaro, K. Stewart, & J. Waldfogel (eds.), An equal start? Providing quality education and care for disadvantaged children (pp.147-170). Policy Press.

Meade, A., Robinson, L., Smorti, S., Stuart, M., Williamson, J. with Carroll-Lind, J., Meagher-Lundberg, P., & Te Whau, S. (2012). Early childhood teachers’ work in education and care centres: Profiles, patterns and purposes. NZ Childcare Association. https://www.ecnz.ac.nz/common/Uploaded%20files/Website%20files/About%20us/Publications/early-childhood-teachers-work-in-education-and-carecentres-web-090812.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2002). Pathways to the Future – Ngā Huarahi Arataki: A 10-year strategic plan for early childhood education. New Zealand Government. https://www.mcguinnessinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/133.-Pathways_to_the_Future-_Nga_Huarahi_Arataki-_A_10-year_strategic_plan_for_early_childhood_education_2002.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2017). Te whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa. Early Childhood Curriculum. New Zealand Government. https://www.education.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Early-Childhood/Te-Whariki-Early-Childhood-Curriculum-ENG-Web.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2019a). Early childhood education census 2019. Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/196574/Teaching-staff-at-licensed-ECE-services-in-2019.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2019b). He taonga te tamaiti every child a taonga: Early learning action plan 2019-2029. Ministry of Education.

https://conversation-space.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/SES_0342_ELS_10YP_Final+Report_Web.pdf (See also https://conversation.education.govt.nz/conversations/early-learning-strategic-plan/ )

Ministry of Education. (2020). Early learning teaching staff 2020 ECE census results. Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/211452/Annual-ECE-Census-2020-Teaching-staff.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2021a). Consultation on tranche two of the Early Learning Regulatory Review: Regulating for 80% qualified teachers and strengthening the person responsible requirement in teacher-led centres and hospital-based services, September 2021. Ministry of Education.

https://www.education.govt.nz/early-childhood/licensing-and-regulations/the-regulatory-framework-for-ece/early-learning-regulatory-review/

Ministry of Education. (2021b). Early learning teaching staff 2021 ECE census results. Minstry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/205843/Early-learning-teaching-staff-2021.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2021c). Kōwhiti Whakapae: Q & A. Kōwhiti Whakapai: Draft practice and progress tools to support competent and confident kaiako and mokopuna. Ministry of Education.

Ministry of Education. (2021d). Person responsible requirements. Ministry of Education. https://www.education.govt.nz/early-childhood/people-and-employment/person-responsible-requirements-in-teacher-led-centre-based-services/

Ministry of Education. (2022). Consultation on gazetting Te Whāriki: Expanding the early childhood curriculum framework, July 2022. Ministry of Education. https://conversation.education.govt.nz/conversations/gazetting-te-whariki/

Mitchell, L., & Cubey, P. (2003). Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: A best evidence synthesis. Ministry of Education. https://www.nzcer.org.nz/research/publications/characteristics-professional-development-linked-enhanced-pedagogy-and-children

Mitchell, L., Meagher-Lundberg, P., Mara, D., Cubey, P. & Whitford, M. (2011). Locality-based evaluation of Pathways to the Future – Ngā Huarahi Arataki. New Zealand Government.

https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/ECE/locality-based-evaluation-of-pathways-to-the-future-nga-huarahi-arataki

Nolan, A., & Molla, T. (2018). Teacher professional learning as a social practice: An Australian case. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 27(4), 352-374.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2017.1321968

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2005). Teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers – Overview. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/34990905.pdf

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2017). Starting strong 2017: Key OECD indicators on early childhood education and care. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264276116-en

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (n.d.), Encouraging quality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) – Research brief: Qualifications, education and professional development matter. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/49322232.pdf

Smith, A. B., Grima, G., Gaffney, M., & Powell, K. (2000). Early childhood education: Literature review report to the Ministry of Education. Children’s Issues Centre. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/ECE/33404

Smith, A. B. (2009). Implementing UNCRC in New Zealand: How are we doing in early childhood? New Zealand Association for Research in Education. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156825573

Stuart, M. (2019). Being professional in New Zealand early childhood education: A genealogy. Policy Futures in Education, (18)5, 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210319875577

Te Mahau. (2022). Early childhood teaching staff 2022 ECE census results. New Zealand Government. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/219917/2022-Census-Early-Learning-Teaching-Staff-Fact-Sheet.pdf

Timperley, H., Wilson, A., Barrar, H., & Fung, I. (2007). Teacher professional learning and development: Best evidence synthesis iteration (BES). Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/series/2515/15341

Downloads

Published

2023-11-21