Complex Challenges in Policy Implementation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v24i0.6564

Keywords:

complexity, implementation, policy, adaptive expertise, improvement, educational change, learning culture, systemic

Abstract

Efforts to improve education occur in complex landscapes, where policy, research, history, experiences, and communities shape practice in ways that have both intended and unintended outcomes. These landscapes change over time; however, there appear to be several core challenges that persist and which likely influence why it is difficult for policy to improve education in intended, effective and sustainable ways. Drawing on New Zealand and international research, this position paper identifies some of these key challenges and explores possible leverage points to navigate these. These include developing adaptive expertise, engaging key stakeholders in decision making, and developing a learning culture.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Deidre M. Le Fevre, University of Auckland

Associate Professor Deidre Le Fevre is a researcher and academic program leader for postgraduate studies in educational leadership at the University of Auckland. Her research and teaching focus is on leadership and learning for organisational change and development.  She explores practices that support practitioners to address complex leadership problems.

Deidre brings knowledge and skills in understanding organisational change, the development of professional capability, and effective leadership to her work consulting with leaders and organisations. Her research includes several large-scale projects investigating leadership, professional learning, and educational improvement.

References

Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness. Oxford, United Kingdom: Jossey-Bass.

Bourke, R., & Loveridge, J. (2018). Using student voice to challenge understandings research, policy and practice. In R. Bourke & J. Loveridge (Eds), Radical collegiality through student voice, (pp.1-16), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1858-0_1

Bransford, J., Brown, A., & Cocking, R. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience and school. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Crosby, B. L. (2002). Managing policy reform. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.

Bryk, A. S., Gomez, L. M., Grunow, A., & LeMahieu, P. G. (2015). Learning how to improve: How America's schools can get better at getting better. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

Cochran-Smith, M., Ell, F., Ludlow, L., Grudnoff, L., & Aitken, G. (2014). The challenge and promise of complexity theory for teacher education research. Teachers College Record, 116(5), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600407

Cohn, M. M., & Kottkamp, R. B. (1993). Teachers missing vice in education. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.

Elmore, R. (2016). "Getting to scale…" It seemed like a good idea at the time. Journal of Educational Change, 17, 529-537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-016-9290-8

Fullan, M. G. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

Fullan, M. G. (2009). Have theory, will travel: A theory of action for system change. In A. Hargreaves & M. Fullan (Eds.), Change wars (pp. 275-293). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.

Hargreaves, A., & Shirley, D. (2009). The persistence of presentism. Teachers College Record, 111(11), 2505-2534. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810911101108

Hargreaves, A., & Shirley, D. (2020). Leading from the middle: Its nature origins and importance. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 5(1), 92-114. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-06-2019-0013

Hatano, G., & Inagaki, K. (1986). Two courses of expertise. In H. Stevenson, H. Azama, & K. Hakuta (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 262-272). New York, NY: Freeman.

Honig, M. I. (2006). Complexity and policy impementation: Challenges and opportunities for the field. In M. I. Honig (Ed.), New directions in education policy implementation: Confronting complexity (pp. 1-24). New York, NY: State University of New York Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.18254222.4

Le Fevre, D. M., Timperley, H., & Ell, F. (2016). Curriculum and pedagogy: The future of teacher professional learning and the development of adaptive expertise. In D. Wyse, L. Hayward, & J. Z. Pandya (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of curriculum, pedagogy and assessment (pp. 309-324). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473921405.n20

Le Fevre, D. M., Timperley, H, Twyford, K., & Ell, F. (2020). Leading powerful professional learning: Responding to complexity with adaptive expertise. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Lortie, D. (1975). Schoolteacher. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

McDonnell, L. M., & Elmore, R. F. (1987). Getting the job done: Alternative policy instruments. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 9(2), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737009002133

McLaughlin, M. (1987). Learning from experiences: Lessons from policy implementation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 9(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737009002171

Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Harper Collins.

Sykes, G. (1999). Teacher and student learning: Strengthening their connection. In L. Darling-Hammond & G. Sykes (Eds.), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 151-177). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Thomson, P. (2010), "Involving children and young people in educational change: Possibilities and challenges", in A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan and D. Hopkins (Eds), Second International Handbook of Educational Change. Springer, New York, pp. 809-824. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2660-6_45

Timperley, H., Ell, F., Le Fevre, D. M., & Twyford, K. (2020). Leading professional: Practical strategies for impact in schools. Melbourne, VIC: Australian Council for Educational Research.

Twyford, K., Le Fevre, D., & Timperley, H. (2017). The influence of risk and uncertainty on teachers' responses to professional learning and development. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2(2), 86-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-10-2016-0028

Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Weick, K. E. (2007). Drop your tools: On reconfiguring management education. Journal of Management Education, 31(5), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562906293699

Downloads

Published

2020-03-09