Shifting Gears: The Toll of Shifting in New Zealand Manufacturing

Abstract

Shiftwork has increased dramatically in recent years, mainly due to the expansion of service industries and extended hours of operation. Manufacturing, targeted for decline, is still a dominant shiftwork employer, particularly in a move to leverage physical plant and meet variable demand levels. This productivity comes at often dramatic human costs. A 12-year longitudinal study of New Zealand process manufacturers was undertaken to document shift patterns and establish their impact on organisational performance and employee well-being. This paper reports the results of questionnaire and interview data relating shiftwork and shift patterns to health and well-being. The historical domination of the eight-hour, reverse rotating shift is noted, and linked to increased sleep disorders, digestive problems, and use of prescription and non-prescription drugs. Disruption to family and social life were also reported. These adverse effects are heightened by lack of training and support and moderate to heavy utilisation of overtime. The author suggests shiftwork reforms to address some of these issues.